Digital Health Literacy And Adherence To Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management: A Cross-Sectional Study At Mojolangu Community Health Center

Authors

  • Bulandari STIKES Widyagama Husada Malang
  • Abdul Qodir STIKES Widyagama Husada Malang
  • Waifti Amalia STIKES Widyagama Husada Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51143/jksi.v11i1.1161

Keywords:

Health Literacy , Digital Health Literacy , Management Adherence , Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory, Community Health Center

Abstract

While digital health literacy (DHL) is crucial for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) self-management, evidence in primary care settings remains limited. This quantitative cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between DHL and T2DM management adherence among 115 patients (aged 35–65 years) at Mojolangu Community Health Center. Data were collected using the Electronic Health Literacy Scale (eHEALS) and the Indonesian Diabetes Self-Management Instrument (IDN-DSMI). Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed a significant positive association between DHL and management adherence (r = 0.622, p < 0.001). In conclusion, higher digital health literacy is associated with better management adherence, suggesting that strengthening DHL may improve patients' self-management capabilities and long-term health outcomes.

 

References

Al-Qerem, W., Jarab, A., Eberhardt, J., Alkaee, S. M., & Alsabaa, Z. H. (2024). Health literacy and medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes in Jordan?: A cross-sectional study. Patient Preference and Adherence, 18(September 2024), 2019–2026. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S484135

Butayeva, J., Ratan, Z. A., Downie, S., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2023). The impact of health literacy interventions on glycemic control and self-management outcomes among type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Journal of Diabetes, 15(9), 724–735. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.13436

Chima, C. C., Abdelaziz, A., Asuzu, C., & Beech, B. M. (2020). Impact of health literacy on medication engagement among adults with diabetes in the United States A systematic review. The Diabetes Educator, 46(4), 335–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721720932837

Febriani, D. H. (2020). Health Literacy pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. Media Ilmu Kesehatan, 9(2), 127–132. https://garuda.ristekbrin.go.id/documents/detail/2251586

Fitzpatrick, P. J. (2023). Improving health literacy using the power of digital communications to achieve better health outcomes for patients and practitioners. Frontiers in Digital Health, 5(November), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2023.1264780

Ghorbanali Jennat Fereidooni, Fazlollah Ghofranipour, & Zarei, F. (2024). Interplay of self-care , self-efficacy , and health deviation self-care requisites?: a study on type 2 diabetes patients through the lens of Orem ’ s self-care theory. BMC Primary Care, 25(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-024-02276-w

Harahap, A. A., Ridwan, A., & Diba, F. (2025). Hubungan literasi kesehatan dengan manajemen perawatan diri pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Banda Aceh. Indonesian Journal of Professional Nursing, 6(2), 126–134. https://doi.org/10.30587/ijpn.v6i2.9229

Heizomi, H., Iraji, Z., Vaezi, R., Bhalla, D., Morisky, D. E., & Nadrian, H. (2020). Gender differences in the associations between health literacy and medication adherence in hypertension?: A population-based survey in Heris. Vascular Health and Risk Management, 16, 157–166. https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S245052

International Diabetes Federation. (2025). IDF Diabetes Atlas. https://diabetesatlas.org/

Kim, K., Shin, S., Kim, S., & Lee, E. (2023). The Relation between eHealth Literacy and Health-Related Behaviors: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25. https://doi.org/10.2196/40778

McCabe, C., Connolly, L., Hughes, M., Doyle, C., Weir, A., McCann, M., & Brenner, M. (2026). Impact of digital health interventions on medication adherence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Digital Health, 12, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251361593

Mukhtar, T., Babur, M. N., Abbas, R., Irshad, A., & Kiran, Q. (2025). Digital health literacy: a systematic review of interventions and their influence on healthcare access and sustainable development Goal-3 (SDG-3). Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 41(3), 910–918. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.3.10639

Nikhoma, D. E., Soko, C. J., Banda, K. J., Greenfield, D., Li, Y.-C. (Jack), & Iqbal, U. (2021). Impact of DSMES app interventions on medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Health and Care Informatics, 28(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2020-100291

Sahoo, J., Mohanty, S., Kundu, A., & Epari, V. (2022). Medication Adherence Among Patients of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Risk Factors?: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India. Cureus, 14(12), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33074

Tarigan, S. A., Hulu, V. T., & Simanjuntak, M. R. (2025). Studi Cross Sectional: Eksplorasi Pengetahuan dan Sikap Tentang Pengelolaan Diri pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. Sehat Rakyat (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat), 4(3), 730–737. https://doi.org/10.54259/sehatrakyat.v4i3.5139

Tennant, B., Stellefson, M., Dodd, V., Chaney, B., Paige, S., & Alber, J. (2015). eHealth Literacy and Web 2.0 Health Information Seeking Behaviors Among Baby Boomers and Older Adults. Journal Of Medical Internet Research, 17(3), 1. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.3992

World Health Organization. (2022). WHO guideline on self-care interventions for health and well-being: 2022 revision.

Wu, Y., Wen, J., Wang, X., Wang, Q., Wang, W., Wang, X., Xie, J., & Cong, L. (2022). Associations between e?health literacy and chronic disease self?management in older Chinese patients with chronic non?communicable diseases?: A mediation analysis. BMC Public Health, 22, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14695-4

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Published

2026-07-13

How to Cite

Bulandari, Abdul Qodir, & Waifti Amalia. (2026). Digital Health Literacy And Adherence To Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management: A Cross-Sectional Study At Mojolangu Community Health Center. JURNAL KEPERAWATAN SUAKA INSAN (JKSI), 11(1), 159–167. https://doi.org/10.51143/jksi.v11i1.1161

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Keperawatan Suaka Insan (JKSI)

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Copyright (c) 2026 Bulandari, Abdul Qodir, Waifti Amalia

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References

Al-Qerem, W., Jarab, A., Eberhardt, J., Alkaee, S. M., & Alsabaa, Z. H. (2024). Health literacy and medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes in Jordan?: A cross-sectional study. Patient Preference and Adherence, 18(September 2024), 2019–2026. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S484135

Butayeva, J., Ratan, Z. A., Downie, S., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2023). The impact of health literacy interventions on glycemic control and self-management outcomes among type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Journal of Diabetes, 15(9), 724–735. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.13436

Chima, C. C., Abdelaziz, A., Asuzu, C., & Beech, B. M. (2020). Impact of health literacy on medication engagement among adults with diabetes in the United States A systematic review. The Diabetes Educator, 46(4), 335–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721720932837

Febriani, D. H. (2020). Health Literacy pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. Media Ilmu Kesehatan, 9(2), 127–132. https://garuda.ristekbrin.go.id/documents/detail/2251586

Fitzpatrick, P. J. (2023). Improving health literacy using the power of digital communications to achieve better health outcomes for patients and practitioners. Frontiers in Digital Health, 5(November), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2023.1264780

Ghorbanali Jennat Fereidooni, Fazlollah Ghofranipour, & Zarei, F. (2024). Interplay of self-care , self-efficacy , and health deviation self-care requisites?: a study on type 2 diabetes patients through the lens of Orem ’ s self-care theory. BMC Primary Care, 25(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-024-02276-w

Harahap, A. A., Ridwan, A., & Diba, F. (2025). Hubungan literasi kesehatan dengan manajemen perawatan diri pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Banda Aceh. Indonesian Journal of Professional Nursing, 6(2), 126–134. https://doi.org/10.30587/ijpn.v6i2.9229

Heizomi, H., Iraji, Z., Vaezi, R., Bhalla, D., Morisky, D. E., & Nadrian, H. (2020). Gender differences in the associations between health literacy and medication adherence in hypertension?: A population-based survey in Heris. Vascular Health and Risk Management, 16, 157–166. https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S245052

International Diabetes Federation. (2025). IDF Diabetes Atlas. https://diabetesatlas.org/

Kim, K., Shin, S., Kim, S., & Lee, E. (2023). The Relation between eHealth Literacy and Health-Related Behaviors: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25. https://doi.org/10.2196/40778

McCabe, C., Connolly, L., Hughes, M., Doyle, C., Weir, A., McCann, M., & Brenner, M. (2026). Impact of digital health interventions on medication adherence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Digital Health, 12, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251361593

Mukhtar, T., Babur, M. N., Abbas, R., Irshad, A., & Kiran, Q. (2025). Digital health literacy: a systematic review of interventions and their influence on healthcare access and sustainable development Goal-3 (SDG-3). Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 41(3), 910–918. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.3.10639

Nikhoma, D. E., Soko, C. J., Banda, K. J., Greenfield, D., Li, Y.-C. (Jack), & Iqbal, U. (2021). Impact of DSMES app interventions on medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Health and Care Informatics, 28(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2020-100291

Sahoo, J., Mohanty, S., Kundu, A., & Epari, V. (2022). Medication Adherence Among Patients of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Risk Factors?: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India. Cureus, 14(12), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33074

Tarigan, S. A., Hulu, V. T., & Simanjuntak, M. R. (2025). Studi Cross Sectional: Eksplorasi Pengetahuan dan Sikap Tentang Pengelolaan Diri pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. Sehat Rakyat (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat), 4(3), 730–737. https://doi.org/10.54259/sehatrakyat.v4i3.5139

Tennant, B., Stellefson, M., Dodd, V., Chaney, B., Paige, S., & Alber, J. (2015). eHealth Literacy and Web 2.0 Health Information Seeking Behaviors Among Baby Boomers and Older Adults. Journal Of Medical Internet Research, 17(3), 1. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.3992

World Health Organization. (2022). WHO guideline on self-care interventions for health and well-being: 2022 revision.

Wu, Y., Wen, J., Wang, X., Wang, Q., Wang, W., Wang, X., Xie, J., & Cong, L. (2022). Associations between e?health literacy and chronic disease self?management in older Chinese patients with chronic non?communicable diseases?: A mediation analysis. BMC Public Health, 22, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14695-4